Reference

Mechanical Properties of Metals and Alloys

The complete mechanical-properties reference tables preserved from werktuigbouw.nl — the material data behind the site’s strength, fatigue and fastener calculators.

All values are Re (yield strength) and Rm (tensile strength) in MPa unless a column header says otherwise; A is elongation at break (%). Where a diameter or thickness range is given, the property applies to that size range only — larger sections of the same grade are weaker. A blank cell means the source table itself left that value blank, not a page error.

Used alongside the thread shear-strength calculator and other fastener and strength calculators.

Structural steel (hot rolled)

Structural steel hot rolled, non-alloy steels

material		Re [MPa]					Rm [MPa]
name	nr	d<16	≤40	≤63	≤80	≤100	<3	≤100
S235JR	1.0038	235	225	215	215	215	360-510	360-510
S235JO	1.0114	235	225	215	215	215	360-510	360-510
S235J2	1.0117	235	225	215	215	215	360-510	360-510
S275JR	1.0044	275	265	255	245	235	430-580	410-560
S275JO	1.0143	275	265	255	245	235	430-580	410-560
S275J2	1.0145	275	265	255	245	235	430-580	410-560
S355JR	1.0045	355	345	335	325	315	510-680	470-630
S355J0	1.0553	355	345	335	325	315	510-680	470-630
S355J2	1.0577	355	345	335	325	315	510-680	470-630
S355K2	1.0596	355	345	335	325	315	510-680	470-630
S450J0	1.0590	450	430	410	390	380	-	550-720
E295	1.0050	295	285				490-660	470-610
E335	1.0060	335	325				590-770	570-710
E360	1.0070	360	355				690-900	670-830

E295...E360: bearing and drive shafts, wear parts in natural hardness.

Structural steel hot-rolled, non-alloy, normalized, weldable fine grain

material		Re [MPa]					Rm [MPa]	A
name	nr	d<16	≤40	≤63	≤80	≤100	≤100	%
S275N	1.0490	275	265	255	245	235	370-510	23-24
S275NL	1.0491	275	265	255	245	235	370-510	23-24
S355N	1.0545	355	345	335	325	315	470-630	21-22
S355NL	1.0546	355	345	335	325	315	470-630	21-22
S420N	1.8902	420	400	390	370	360	520-680	18-19
S420NL	1.8912	420	400	390	370	360	520-680	18-19
S460N	1.8901	460	440	430	410	400	540-720	17
S460NL	1.8903	460	440	430	410	400	540-720	17

Structural steel thermo-mechanically rolled, weldable fine grain

material		Re [MPa]					Rm [MPa]				A
name	nr	<16	≤40	≤63	≤80	≤100	≤40	≤63	≤80	≤100	%
S275M	1.8818	275	265	255	245	245	370-530	360-520	350-510	350-510	24
S275ML	1.8819	275	265	255	245	245	370-530	360-520	350-510	350-510	24
S355M	1.8823	355	345	335	325	325	470-630	450-610	440-600	440-600	22
S355ML	1.8834	355	345	335	325	325	470-630	450-610	440-600	440-600	22
S420M	1.8825	420	400	390	380	370	520-680	500-660	480-640	470-630	19
S420ML	1.8836	420	400	390	380	370	520-680	500-660	480-640	470-630	19
S460M	1.8827	460	440	430	410	400	540-720	530-710	510-690	500-680	17
S460ML	1.8838	460	440	430	410	400	540-720	530-710	510-690	500-680	17

Free-cutting steel (not intended for heat treatment)

name	nr	Diam [mm]	Hardness [HB]	Rm [MPa]
11SMn30 11SMNPb30 11SMn37 11SMnPb37	1.0715 1.0718 1.0736 1.0737	5≤10	-	380-570
11SMn30 11SMNPb30 11SMn37 11SMnPb37	1.0715 1.0718 1.0736 1.0737	10 < d ≤16	-	380-570
11SMn30 11SMNPb30 11SMn37 11SMnPb37	1.0715 1.0718 1.0736 1.0737	16 < d ≤40	112-169	380-570
11SMn30 11SMNPb30 11SMn37 11SMnPb37	1.0715 1.0718 1.0736 1.0737	40 < d ≤63	109-169	370-570
11SMn30 11SMNPb30 11SMn37 11SMnPb37	1.0715 1.0718 1.0736 1.0737	63 < d ≤100	107-154	360-520

Free-cutting steel (for case hardening)

name	nr	Diam [mm]	Hardness HB	Rm [MPa]
10S20 10SPb20	1.0721 1.0722	5≤10	-	360-530
10S20 10SPb20	1.0721 1.0722	10 < d ≤16	-	360-530
10S20 10SPb20	1.0721 1.0722	16 < d ≤40	107-156	360-530
10S20 10SPb20	1.0721 1.0722	40 < d ≤63	107-156	360-530
10S20 10SPb20	1.0721 1.0722	6 3 < d ≤100	105-146	350-490
15SMn13	1.0725	5≤10	-	430-610
15SMn13	1.0725	10 < d ≤16	-	430-600
15SMn13	1.0725	16 < d ≤40	128-178	430-600
15SMn13	1.0725	40 < d ≤63	128-172	430-580
15SMn13	1.0725	6 3 < d ≤100	125-160	420-540

Free-cutting steel (untreated and heat treated)

			Untreated		Quenched and Tempered
material		Diam d	Hardness	Rm	Re	Rm	A
name	nr	mm	HB	[MPa]	MPa	MPa	%min
35S20 35SPb20	1.0726 1.0756	5 ≤ d ≤10	-	550-720	430	630-780	15
35S20 35SPb20	1.0726 1.0756	10 < d ≤16	-	550-700	430	630-780	15
35S20 35SPb20	1.0726 1.0756	16 < d ≤40	154-201	520-680	380	600-750	16
35S20 35SPb20	1.0726 1.0756	40 < d ≤63	154-198	520-670	320	550-700	17
35S20 35SPb20	1.0726 1.0756	63 < d ≤100	149-193	500-650	320	550-700	17
36SMn14 36SMnPb14	1.0764 1.0765	5≤10	-	580-770	480	700-850	14
36SMn14 36SMnPb14	1.0764 1.0765	10 < d ≤16	-	580-770	460	700-850	14
36SMn14 36SMnPb14	1.0764 1.0765	16 < d ≤40	166-222	560-750	420	670-820	15
36SMn14 36SMnPb14	1.0764 1.0765	40 < d ≤63	166-219	560-740	400	640-790	16
36SMn14 36SMnPb14	1.0764 1.0765	63 < d ≤100	163-219	550-740	360	570-720	17
38SMn28 38SMnPb28	1.0760 1.0761	5≤10	-	580-780	480	700-850	15
38SMn28 38SMnPb28	1.0760 1.0761	10 < d ≤16	-	580-750	460	700-850	15
38SMn28 38SMnPb28	1.0760 1.0761	16 < d ≤40	166-216	560-730	420	700-850	15
38SMn28 38SMnPb28	1.0760 1.0761	40 < d ≤63	166-216	560-730	400	700-850	16
38SMn28 38SMnPb28	1.0760 1.0761	63 < d ≤100	163-207	550-700	380	630-800	16
44SMn28 44SMnPb28	1.0762 1.0763	5≤10	-	630-900	520	700-850	16
44SMn28 44SMnPb28	1.0762 1.0763	10 < d ≤16	-	630-850	480	700-850	16
44SMn28 44SMnPb28	1.0762 1.0763	16 < d ≤40	187-242	630-820	420	700-850	16
44SMn28 44SMnPb28	1.0762 1.0763	40 < d ≤63	184-235	620-790	410	700-850	16
44SMn28 44SMnPb28	1.0762 1.0763	63 < d ≤100	181-231	610-780	400	700-850	16
46S20 46SPb20	1.0727 1.0757	5≤10	-	590-800	490	700-850	12
46S20 46SPb20	1.0727 1.0757	10 < d ≤16	-	590-780	490	700-850	12
46S20 46SPb20	1.0727 1.0757	16 < d ≤40	175-225	590-760	430	650-800	13
46S20 46SPb20	1.0727 1.0757	40 < d ≤63	172-216	580-730	370	630-780	14
46S20 46SPb20	1.0727 1.0757	63 < d ≤100	166-211	560-710	370	630-780	14

Steels for quenching and tempering (quenched and tempered)

		d <16 t =<8			16 < d = < 40 8 < t = < 20
material		Re	Rm	A	Re	Rm	A
name	nr	MPa	MPa	%	MPa	MPa	%
C35	1.0501	430	630-780	17	380	600-750	19
C40	1.0511	460	650-800	16	400	630-780	18
C45	1.0503	490	700-850	14	430	650-800	16
C55	1.0535	550	800-950	12	490	750-900	14
C60	1.0601	580	850-1000	11	520	800-950	13
Special steels
C22E	1.1151	340	500-650	20	290	470-620	22
C35E	1.1181	430	630-780	17	380	600-750	19
C40E	1.1186	460	650-800	16	400	630-780	18
C45E	1.1191	490	700-850	14	430	650-800	16
C50E	1.1206	520	750-900	13	460	700-850	15
C55E	1.1203	550	800-950	12	490	750-900	14
C60E	1.1221	580	850-1000	11	520	800-950	13
28Mn6	1.1170	590	800-950	13	490	700-850	15

Steels for quenching and tempering (normalized)

		d <16 t =< 16			16 < d = < 100 16 < t = < 100			100 < d = < 250 100 < t = < 250
material		Re	Rm	A	Re	Rm	A	Re	Rm	A
name	nr	MPa	MPa	%	MPa	MPa	%	MPa	MPa	%
C35	1.0501	300	550	18	270	520	19	245	500	19
C40	1.0511	320	580	16	290	550	17	260	530	17
C45	1.0503	340	620	14	305	580	16	275	560	16
C55	1.0535	370	680	11	330	640	12	300	620	12
C60	1.0601	380	710	10	340	670	11	310	650	11
Special Steels
C22E	1.1151	240	430	24	210	410	25	-	-	-
C35E	1.1181	300	550	18	270	520	19	245	500	19
C40E	1.1186	320	580	16	290	550	17	260	530	17
C45E	1.1191	340	620	14	305	580	16	275	560	16
C50E	1.1206	355	650	13	320	610	14	290	590	14
C55E	1.1203	370	680	11	330	640	12	300	620	12
C60E	1.1221	380	710	10	340	670	11	310	650	11
28Mn6	1.1170	345	630	17	310	600	18	290	590	18

Alloy steel (quenched and tempered)

		d <16 t =<8			16 < d = < 40 8 < t = < 20
material		Re	Rm	A	Re	Rm	A
name	nr	MPa	MPa	%	MPa	MPa	%
38Cr2	1.7003	550	800-950	14	450	700-850	15
46Cr2	1.7006	650	900-1100	12	550	800-950	14
34Cr4	1.7033	700	900-1100	12	590	800-950	14
34CrS4	1.7037	700	900-1100	12	590	800-950	14
37Cr4	1.7034	750	950-1150	11	630	850-1000	13
37CrS4	1.7038	750	950-1150	11	630	850-1000	13
41Cr4	1.7035	800	1000-1200	11	660	900-1100	12
41CrS4	1.7039	800	1000-1200	11	660	900-1100	12
25CrMo4	1.7218	700	900-1100	12	600	800-950	14
25CrMoS4	1.7213	700	900-1100	12	600	800-950	14
34CrMo4	1.7220	800	1000-1200	11	650	900-1100	12
34CrMoS4	1.7226	800	1000-1200	11	650	900-1100	12
42CrMo4	1.7225	900	1100-1300	10	750	1000-1200	11
42CrMoS4	1.7227	900	1100-1300	10	750	1000-1200	11
50CrMo4	1.7228	900	1100-1300	9	780	1000-1200	10
34CrNiMo6	1.6582	1000	1200-1400	9	900	1100-1300	10
30CrNiMo6	1.6580	1050	1250-1450	9	1050	1250-1450	9
35NiCr6	1.5815	740	880-1080	12	740	880-1080	14
36NICrMo16	1.6773	1050	1250-1450	9	1050	1250-1450	9
39NiCrMo3	1.6510	785	980-1180	11	735	930-1130	11
30NiCrMo16-16	1.6747	880	1080-1230	10	880	1080-1230	10
51CrV4	1.8159	900	1100-1300	9	800	1000-1200	10
20MnB5	1.5530	700	900-1050	14	600	750-900	15
30MnB5	1.5531	800	950-1150	13	650	800-950	13
38MnB5	1.5532	900	1050- 1250	12	700	850-1050	12
27MnCrB5-2	1.7182	800	1000-1250	14	750	900-1150	14
33MnCrB5-2	1.7185	850	1050 1300	13	800	950-1200	13
39MnCrB5-2	1.7189	900	1100-1350	12	850	1050-1250	12

Stainless steel

Material			Rm	Re	A
name	nr	ANSI	MPa	MPa	%
X10CrNi18-8	1.4310	301	500...740	195...205	35...40
X8CrNiS-18-9	1.4305	303	500...700	190	35
X5CrNi18-10	1.4301	304	540...750	230	45
2CrNi19-11	1.4306	304L	520...660	250	45
2CrNi18-9	1.4307	304L	520...670	220	45
X5CrNiMo17-12-2	1.4401	316	540...680	195...205	35...40
X3CrNiMo17-13-3	1.4436	316	550...700	240	40
X2CrNiMo17-13-2	1.4404	316L	520...660	195	40
X2CrNiMo18-14-3	1.4435	316L	500...700	200	45
X6CrNiMoTi1712-2	1.4571	316Ti	540...680	215	40
X6CrNiTi18-10	1.4541	321	540...680	205	40
X12Cr13	1.4006	410	<600		20
X20Cr13	1.4021	420	<700		15
X30Cr13	1.4028	420	<740		15
X6Cr17	1.4016	430	440...590	255	20
X3CrTi17	1.4510	439	430...630	205	20
X2CrTiNb18	14509	441	430/630	250	20
X2CrNiMoN22-5-3	1.4462	duplex	640...880	480	25

Austenitic 3-series (3.04, 316...) - non-magnetic Ferritic and martensitic 4-series (405, 439...), magnetic, not intended for heath treatment

Cast iron

	Rm	Re	A	E-modulus
name	MPa	MPa	%	GPa
EN-GJL-150	150...250	100...165	0.8...0.3	78...103
EN-GJL-200	200...300	130...195	0.8...0.3	88...113
EN-GJL-250	250...350	165...230	0.8...0.3	103...118
EN-GJL-300	300...400	195...260	0.8...0.3	108...137
EN-GJS-350-22-LT	350...400	220...280	30...22	160...185
EN-GJS-400-18-LT	400...450	250...300	27...18	160...185
EN-GJS-400-15	400...550	250...350	27...15	160...185
EN-GJS-450-10	450...600	310...410	20...10	160...185
EN-GJS-500-7	500...650	320...420	18...7	160...185
EN-GJS-600-3	600...750	370...480	8...3	160...185
EN-GJS-700-2	700...850	420...600	6...2	160...185
EN-GJS-800-2	800...1000	480...750	4...2	160...185

GJL (old GG), grey cast iron with lamellar graphite - the 250 and 300 are hard wearing. GJS (old GGG), grey cast iron with nodular graphite - high ductility, for heath treatment, from 500 hard wearing

Spring steel

Material	nr	Rm [MPa]	E [GPa]	G [GPa]
Verenstaal (Music wire)	1.1200	2220 - 820 log d	206	81.5
Roestvrijstaal (ANSI 301)	1.4310	0.85(2220 - 820 log d)	190	73

The mechanical properties relate to the diameter of the wire. As a rule of thumb Rm=2220 - 820 log d, according EN 10270-1-SH for steel nr. 1.1200. For stainless steel 1.4310 the tensile strength is 15% less, according EN 10270-3-NS. The max bending stress is taken 0.7Rm, the max torsional stress 0.4Rm, when statically loaded. Statically loaded is defined for up to 20 to 50 thousand load cycles. The max stress is taken 40% less when loaded for more than 10 million load cycles.

Bearing steel

material		Untreated		Quenched and tempered
name	nr	Rm [MPa]	Re [MPa]	Rm [MPa]	Re [MPa]
100Cr2	1.3501
100Cr6	1.3505
100CrMn6	1.3520
16CrNoMo6	1.3531
19MnCr5	1.3523
44Cr2	1.3561

Bearing bronze

Bronze	EN	Re	Rm	HB	oil lubricated
CuSn7ZnPb	2.1090	120	270	>70	universeel lagerbrons
Cu Sn12	2.1052	140	280	>90	tinbrons voor hoge belasting
CuSn12Pb	2.1061	140	280	>85	loodbrons, betere glijeigenschappen
CuSn12Ni	2.1060	170	300	>90	met nikkel, voor wormwielen
CuPb15Sn	2.1182	110	220	>65	zachter, geschikt voor watersmering

Shaft-hardness >HB165, shaft material E335, roughness Ra<1µm, pmax<10MPa (<0.2m/s)

Materials for fasteners

Material	Rm [MPa]
Austenitisch RVS A1, A2, A3, A4, A5	500 - zacht 700 - koud verstevigd 800 - koud verstevigd
Martensitisch RVS C1	500 - zacht 700 - 1100
CU1 CU2 CU3 CU4 CU5 CU6 CU7	240 440 440 470 590 440 640

Allowable shear stress

Relationships between Shear strength and tensile strength

Material	Shearing	Yielding
Smeedstaal & staal legeringen	UST ≈ 0,75 x UTS	SSY ≈ 0,58 x YS
Laag Koolstofstaal	UST ≈ 0,90 x UTS	SSY ≈ 0,75 x YS
Smeedbaar perlitisch gietijzer	UST ≈ 1,0 x UTS	-
Smeedijzer	UST ≈ 0,83 x UTS	-
Gietijzer	UST ≈ 1,3 x UTS	-
Koper & legeringen	UST ≈ 0,65 x UTS	-
Aluminium & legeringen	UST ≈ 0,65 x UTS	SSY ≈ 0,55 x YS

Abbreviations

UTS	Ultimate tensile stress / Treksterkte
UST	Ultimate shear stress / Afschuifsterkte
SSY	Shear stress yield / Schuifspanning vloeispanning
YS	Tensile yield stress / Vloeispanning cq rekgrens

Source: werktuigbouw.nl’s uts.htm reference page, preserved verbatim — only the presentation is modernized. Where the page’s English mirror differed from the Dutch original (it drops the “fasteners” anchor and includes three orphaned duplicate tables not linked from its own contents list), the Dutch original was used as the source of truth for every value; English text throughout is copied from the site’s own English mirror, not translated by us.